Image Courtesy:ġ.’Blausen 0657 MultipolarNeuron’By BruceBlaus – Own work, (CC BY 3.0) via Commons WikimediaĢ. This is the difference between axons and dendrites. The nerve signals received by sensory organs are passed on to the cell body. A demyelinated axon transmits impulses up to 10 times slower than a normal myelinated axon, and a complete stop of the transmission is also possible. Dendrites are involved in transmitting nerve impulses towards the cell body. These signals are passed on to effector cells such as muscles and glands. The axons involve in taking nerve impulses away from the cell body. Dendrites are the branched projections from the neurons. The neuron is the main structural and functional unit of the nervous system. Difference between Axon and Dendrites: Axon and Dendrites are the two important parts of nerve cells involved in the conduction of nerve impulses. Myelin sheath may be or may not be present in axons.īranching points of axons branch away from the cell body.īranching points of dendrites branch closer to the cell body.Īxons and dendrites are important structures found in a neuron. One neuron has multiple projections of dendrites. Unlike dendrites, the axons are long and un-branched and they carry the. The dendrites are the short extensions that pass nerve impulses towards the cell body.Īxons are a long thin process of uniform thickness and smoothness.ĭendrites are short processes, thickness diminishes, and the branches are studded with spiny projections. Axon, better called as nerve fibres, are also cytoplasmic projections from the neurons. The axon is the long extension of the neuron that passes nerve impulses away from the cell body. Therefore it acts as an insulator for the nerve impulse transmission Myelination increases the speed of nerve impulse transmission. Axons can further be myelinated or non-myelinated. A myelin sheath encases axons, and there are Schwann cells located on the myelin sheath. Each neuron has a single axon, although an axon may also branch to stimulate some cells. It passes nerve impulses away from the cell body to effectors located in muscles and glands. Side by Side Comparison – Axons vs Dendrites in Tabular FormĪxon is a long cytoplasmic extension arising from the cell body of the neuron. Rather than mere quirk or curiousity the axon carrying dendrite, or AcD as the authors call it, is found on most neuronsat least among pyramidal cells in the CA1 area of the mouse hippocampus. Similarities Between Axons and Dendritesĥ. Therefore, the functions of axon and dendrites occur upon the direction in which the nerve impulse is transmitted.Ĥ. All neurons are composed of a cell body that does all the functions and cytoplasmic extensions that can either be axons or dendrites. Neurons are of three main types motor neuron, sensory neuron and interneuron. Axon passes nerve impulses away from the cell body while dendrites pass nerve impulses towards the cell body. All rights reserved.The key difference between axon and dendrites is the function of these two types of cytoplasmic extensions of the neuron. We conclude that neurons in vivo can respond to simultaneous axon and dendrite injury by initiating growth of a new axon and new dendrites.Īxon regeneration Dendrite regeneration Endoplasmic reticulum Microtubule polarity Neuronal polarity.Ĭopyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. The long process also accumulated endoplasmic reticulum at its tip like regenerating axons. Moreover, the long neurite had axonal plus-end-out microtubule polarity and the shorter neurites had mixed polarity consistent with dendrite identity. In this case a long unbranched neurite and short branched neurites were regrown from the stripped cell body. To further test the capacity of neurons to implement polarized regeneration after axon and dendrite damage, we removed all neurites from mature neurons. These observations suggested axons and dendrites could regrow at the same time. After removal of the axon and all but one dendrite, the remaining dendrite was converted to a process that had a long unbranched region that extended over long distances and a region where shorter branched processes were added. To investigate the outcome of simultaneous axon and dendrite damage, we used a Drosophila model system in which neuronal polarity, axon regeneration, and dendrite regeneration have been characterized. Whether neurons in vivo can sense and respond to simultaneous axon and dendrite injury with polarized regeneration has not been explored. Axon and dendrite regeneration have been examined separately and require sensing the injury and reinitiating the correct growth program. Rather than undergoing cell death, some neurons can regrow axons and dendrites. If either type of process is removed, the cell cannot function. Neurons extend dendrites and axons to receive and send signals.
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